Meet Your Microbiome

Clostridia

Overview: Gram-positive genus in the Firmicutes phylum. The Clostridium genus is diverse and consists of both pathogens and normal commensals that perform a wide variety of functions (beneficial and potentially harmful). High levels may result from reduced digestive capacity or constipation. Low levels may be due to insufficient fiber intake.  They are obligate anaerobes and oxygen is toxic to them. Species of the genus Clostridium are all Gram-positive and have the ability to form spores.

More about commensal clostridia cluster 1V https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3751348/

• Anaerotruncus colihominis

• Butyrivibrio crossotus

• Coprococcus eutactus

• Faecalibacterium prausnitzii

• Lactobacillus spp

• Pseudoflavonifractor spp

• Roseburia

• Ruminococcus spp

• Veillonella sp

PREVOTELLA tend to colonize the human gut, mouth and vagina, and may cause infections, but can also co-exist harmlessly with their human host. Although increased levels of Prevotella bacteria may simply be an indication of a fiber-rich diet, they can also be associated with some health conditions. The bacterial genus (or group) Prevotella (pronounced “prevvo-tella”) contains almost 50 species. It was named in the 1920s after pioneering French microbiologist A. R. Prévot. A 2010 study showed that although Prevotella were absent from the gut bacteria of European children, the genus made up 53% of the gut bacteria of children in West Africa. Scientists suggest that those who consume a typical Western diet rich in protein and animal fats tend to have predominantly Bacteroides bacteria, while people who eat more carbohydrates, particularly fiber, have a microbiome dominated by Prevotel

Prevotella is High in complex fiber diets.  Prevotella is a major producer of B-vitamins. P. copri strains associated with an omnivorous diet and may result in higher BCAA synthesis, a risk factor for glucose intolerance and DM2, whereas fiber-rich diets were linked to P. copri types with enhanced potential for carbohydrate metabolism.

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Prevotella abundance associated with lower bacterial gene richness in the gut.

Has been found higher in IBD; in smokers with (and without) IBD (in association with higher Bacteroides and lower F. prausnitzii)  and in type-2 diabetes.

Prevotella found over-represented in new-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA), when compared to other groups (healthy controls, treated RA patients, and psoriatic arthritis patients, who had higher Bacteroides)

Lower levels of prevotella are  found in  autism and in debilitated aging.

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Family Prevotellaceae exhibited a >6-fold increase in obese subjects when compared to the healthy group, with most of the Prevotellaceae sequences belonging to a single-genus, Prevotella.

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